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应力 3

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Corrosion damage assessment and monitoring of large steel space structures

Bo CHEN, You-Lin XU, Weilian QU,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 354-369 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0088-0

摘要： Large steel space structures, when exposed to a harsh corrosive environment, are inevitably subjected to atmospheric corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. This paper proposes a framework for assessing the corrosion damage of large steel space structures subjected to both stress corrosion cracking and atmospheric corrosion. The empirical model for estimating atmospheric corrosion based on measured information is briefly introduced. The proposed framework is applied to a real large steel space structure built in the southern coastal area in China to assess its corrosion damage and investigate the effects of atmospheric corrosion on stress corrosion cracking. Based on the results, the conceptual design of the corrosion monitoring system of large steel space structures is finally conducted as the first step for a real corrosion monitoring system.

关键词： large steel space structure atmospheric corrosion stress corrosion cracking corrosion damage damage assessment monitoring system

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石化特种设备中的硫化氢应力腐蚀与残余应力

张亦良,徐金泉,王羽辞

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第8期页码 38-43

摘要：

针对石化特种设备中硫化氢（H₂S）应力腐蚀问题现状，综合比较了国际权威机构NACE，EFC以及ISO发布的最新标准、规范，对H2S应力腐蚀的环境界定、试验方法、影响因素、应力腐蚀评价准则及对材料的要求等做了扼要的综述。同时对焊接残余应力的产生、测定方法、消除措施等进行了论述，列举了实际参与研究的发生应力腐蚀容器的实例及残余应力的影响。

关键词： H2S应力腐蚀规范指南评价准则焊接残余应力

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锌液冷却管损坏机理的研究

袁望姣,何将三

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第9期页码 56-60

摘要：

炼锌工业中广泛使用由无缝钢管冷弯而成的冷却管来实现锌液的冷却。冷却管的使用寿命非常短，消耗量相当大。锌液的表面张力小，渗透性强，腐蚀性强，能与冷却管中的铁元素生成铁-锌合金，能溶解冷却管中碳、硅等元素，锌液对冷却管的强腐蚀性，是影响锌液冷却管使用寿命的决定性因素；锌液冷却管的损坏是高温腐蚀和应力腐蚀共同作用的结果，热应力和残余应力促使其损坏由高温腐蚀向应力腐蚀发展；冷却管损坏位置由热应力和残余应力共同决定，其中热应力起主导作用。

关键词：锌液冷却管损坏机理高温腐蚀应力腐蚀

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Performance of a novel bent-up bars system not interacting with concrete

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI, Hesam VARAEE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1301-1315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0552-4

摘要： Increasing the bending and shear capacities of reinforced concrete members is an interesting issue in structural engineering. In recent years, many studies have been carried out to improve capacities of reinforced concrete members such as using post and pre-tensioning, Fiber Reinforced Polymer and other techniques. This paper proposes a novel and significant technique to increase the flexural capacity of simply supported reinforced concrete beams. The proposed method uses a new reinforcement bar system having bent-up bars, covered with rubber tubes. This technique will avoid interaction of bent-up bars with concrete. They are located in the zone where compressive and tensile forces act against one another. The compressive force in the upper point of the bent-up bars is exerted to the end point of these bars located under neutral axis. Moreover, the tensile stress is decreased in reinforcements located under the neutral axis. This will cause the Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam to endure extra loading before reaching yield stress. These factors may well be considered as reasons to increase bending capacity in the new system. The laboratory work together with finite element method analysis were carried out in this investigation. Furthermore, bending capacity, ductility, strength, and cracking zone were assessed for the new proposed system and compared with the conventional model. Both the FEM simulation and the experimental test results revealed that the proposed system has significant impact in increasing the load bearing capacity and the stiffness of the RC beams. In the present study, an equation is formulated to calculate bending capacity of a new reinforcement bar system beam.

关键词： bending capacity rubber tube stress transfer bent-up bars ductility cracking

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连续钢箱梁桥面铺装层结构应力分析

李国芬,曹牧,王宏畅,朱华平

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第8期页码 79-83

摘要：

正交异性钢桥面的构造复杂，用理论算法对铺装层进行力学计算，较难得到精确的计算结果。本文利用有限元通用软件对曲线钢箱梁桥浇筑式沥青铺装层进行受力分析，将正交异性钢桥面板、铺装层作为整体，建立有限元模型，研究铺装层受力变形特点。根据钢桥面铺装层常出现的病害，并结合超载及刹车产生的水平荷载对铺装层受力的影响，提出相应的桥面铺装层破坏的综合控制指标。

关键词：桥面铺装曲线钢箱梁铺装层开裂粘结滑移应力应变特性

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On corrosion to stainless steel by calcium chloride with different extender

Lv XU, Yuanyang HU, Liwei WANG, Ruzhu WANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 181-184 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0065-2

摘要： A calcium chloride solution with a different extender, which is made up of either pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, or calcium chloride with activated carbon, acts differently on stainless steel. The mass ratio between calcium chloride with expanded graphite or activated carbon is almost 4∶1, which is demonstrated to be the optimum ratio. The experimental research in this paper reveals that, of the three solutions, which are pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, and calcium chloride with activated carbon, the strongest oxidation creation and pitting corrosion happened in the solution of calcium chloride with expanded graphite, the weakest oxidation creation happened in the solution of calcium chloride with activated carbon, and pitting corrosion was stronger than oxidation creation in the solution of pure calcium chloride. This paper gives the reasons for these phenomena. Furthermore, based on theory analysis, multiple means and approaches are provided to prevent stainless steel from further corroding.

关键词： stainless steel corrosion calcium chloride expanded graphite activated carbon oxidation creation pitting corrosion

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Monitoring corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures via fiber Bragg grating sensors

Zhupeng ZHENG, Xiaoning SUN, Ying LEI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 316-319 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0040-y

摘要： Corrosion of steel and rebar in concrete structures is one of the most frequent reasons for civil infrastructure failures. Thus, improving the effective corrosion sensor technology can greatly reduce cost and provide safe structures with long service lives. However, assessing the corrosion condition of rebars is not simple because they are buried in concrete. In this paper, using fiber Bragg grating (FBG), a corrosion sensor for monitoring steel rebars embedded in a concrete structure is developed and validated by experiments. Based on the fact that the volume and diameter of a rebar embedded in concrete will enlarge due to corrosion, an FBG packaged with fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) is wrapped on the steel bar. During corrosion, the increase in the bar diameter leads to the increase in fiber strain, which can be measured by the shift of the wavelength of FBG. Performances of the corrosion sensor are validated by accelerating corrosion in lab experiments. The corrosion sensor is embedded in a concrete specimen put in a 5% sodium chloride solution with a constant current. Experimental results show that the corrosion sensor can monitor the concurrence of corrosion of rebars in concrete. The corrosion extent can be quantitatively evaluated through the change in the wavelength of FBG. Therefore, the corrosion sensor developed in this paper is feasible for monitoring the early corrosion of rebars in concrete.

关键词： fiber Bragg grating (FBG) corrosion concrete structures accelerated corrosion test

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Corrosion mechanisms of candidate structural materials for supercritical water-cooled reactor

Lefu ZHANG, Fawen ZHU, Rui TANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 233-240 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0024-y

摘要： Nickel-based alloys, austenitic stainless steel, ferritic/martensitic heat-resistant steels, and oxide dispersion strengthened steel are presently considered to be the candidate structural or fuel-cladding materials for supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR), one of the promising generation IV reactor for large-scale electric power production. However, corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of these candidate alloys still remain to be a major problem in the selection of nuclear fuel cladding and other structural materials, such as water rod. Survey of literature and experimental results reveal that the general corrosion mechanism of those candidate materials exhibits quite complicated mechanism in high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical water. Formation of a stable protective oxide film is the key to the best corrosion-resistant alloys. This paper focuses on the mechanism of corrosion oxide film breakdown for SCWR candidate materials.

关键词： supercritical water-cooled reactor general corrosion oxide film corrosion mechanism

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含腐蚀坑结构损伤演化评估过程

任克亮,吕国志

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第9期页码 63-67

摘要：

基于有限元理论并结合局部应力应变法，得到了确定尺寸腐蚀坑底部在疲劳载荷作用下产生非扩展裂纹的萌生寿命值；采用断裂力学模型通过求解数值积分和非线性方程，得到了微裂纹扩展到极限尺寸的寿命值和等效裂纹的尺寸；采用神经网络技术建立了腐蚀坑尺寸与等效裂纹尺寸之间的非线性映射关系。

关键词：腐蚀坑有限元方法局部应力应变蒙特卡罗方法神经网络

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Corrosion behavior of metallic alloys in molten chloride salts for thermal energy storage in concentrated

Wenjin Ding, Alexander Bonk, Thomas Bauer

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 564-576 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1720-0

摘要：

Recently, more and more attention is paid on applications of molten chlorides in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants as high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) and heat transfer fluid (HTF) materials due to their high thermal stability limits and low prices, compared to the commercial TES/HTF materials in CSP-nitrate salt mixtures. A higher TES/HTF operating temperature leads to higher efficiency of thermal to electrical energy conversion of the power block in CSP, however causes additional challenges, particularly increased corrosiveness of metallic alloys used as containers and structural materials. Thus, it is essential to study corrosion behaviors and mechanisms of metallic alloys in molten chlorides at operating temperatures (500–800 °C) for realizing the commercial application of molten chlorides in CSP. The results of studies on hot corrosion of metallic alloys in molten chlorides are reviewed to understand their corrosion behaviors and mechanisms under various conditions (e.g., temperature, atmosphere). Emphasis has also been given on salt purification to reduce corrosive impurities in molten chlorides and development of electrochemical techniques to in-situ monitor corrosive impurities in molten chlorides, in order to efficiently control corrosion rates of metallic alloys in molten chlorides to meet the requirements of industrial applications.

关键词： corrosion mechanisms impurities metallic corrosion salt purification electrochemical techniques

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Hot-dip galvanizing of cold-formed steel hollow sections: a state-of-the-art review

Min SUN, Jeffrey A. PACKER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 49-65 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0448-0

摘要： A good understanding of the effects of galvanizing on the short- and long-term behaviours of steel components is essential for structural design. This review paper is motivated by a series of recent reports on cracking in galvanized cold-formed tubular steel structures and the limitations of current steel product standards and steel design specifications in this field. The steel-related and galvanizing-related factors, different pre-galvanizing countermeasures for brittle cracking and the available technical documents are summarized. An extensive bibliography is provided as a basis for future research and development in this field.

关键词： cold-formed steel hollow structural sections hot-dip galvanizing embrittlement heat-treatment residual stress cracking

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Synergistic effects of sodium hypochlorite disinfection and iron-oxidizing bacteria on early corrosion

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1506-3

摘要：

• The early corrosion process in the cast iron pipes was investigated.

关键词： Cast iron pipe corrosion Drinking water distribution systems Chlorine disinfection Iron-oxidizing bacteria Coupling effects

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我国腐蚀管理体系研究

马秀敏,朱桂雨,路东柱,段继周,侯保荣

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 190-197 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.020

摘要：

腐蚀管理关乎安全生产，关乎国民经济，关乎生态文明，关乎资源节约和国家建设。虽然少数行业在腐蚀管理方面已经进行了一些卓有成效的探索和实践，但是总体上腐蚀管理在我国发展十分不平衡，存在着腐蚀管理意识薄弱、专业人才短缺和管理系统不健全等问题。因此，有必要进一步明确腐蚀管理的内涵，明确我国腐蚀管理体系化发展的基本要求，推动腐蚀管理体系化持续健康发展。本文基于中国工程院重点咨询项目“我国腐蚀管理状况与对策战略研究”主要研究成果，阐述了腐蚀管理的内涵及体系化发展的重要意义，分析了我国腐蚀管理的现状及问题，总结提出了腐蚀管理体系基本框架及管理要点，提出了将腐蚀管理纳入国家安全战略，成立腐蚀管理战略研究常设机构；加强腐蚀学科建设，强化人才战略；建立健全腐蚀防护相关法规标准，强化标准意识；加强腐蚀数据库建设，畅通沟通渠道；搭建腐蚀管理信息及大数据交流平台，打造共享管理新模式等对策建议。

关键词：腐蚀管理，腐蚀管理体系，腐蚀防护，腐蚀控制，腐蚀安全

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Synthesis of mono and bis-4-methylpiperidiniummethyl-urea as corrosion inhibitors for steel in acidic

Abbas TEIMOURI, Nasrin SOLTANI, Alireza Najafi CHERMAHINI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 43-50 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0532-7

摘要： Mono and bis-4-methylpiperidiniummethyl urea were synthesized, characterized and used as new corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in the acidic media. Inhibitory effect of two compounds on mild steel surface in the 1 mol·L sulphuric acid has been studied by a series of techniques, such as potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss and quantum chemical calculation methods. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that two inhibitors are mixed type. All measurements showed that inhibition efficiencies enhanced with increase of inhibitor concentration. This reveals that inhibitive actions of inhibitors were mainly due to adsorption on mild steel surface. Density functional (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the title compounds by performing HF and DFT levels of theory using the standard 6-31G* basis set.

关键词： corrosion inhibitors mild steel acidic medium theoretical studies DFT

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Corrosion behavior of Fe–Cr–Ni based alloys exposed to molten MgCl₂–KCl–NaCl salt with over-addedMg corrosion inhibitor

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1608-1619 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2349-1

摘要： MgCl₂–NaCl–KCl salts mixture shows great potential as a high-temperature (> 700 °C) thermal energy storage material in next-generation concentrated solar power plants. Adding Mg into molten MgCl₂–NaCl–KCl salt as a corrosion inhibitor is one of the most effective and cost-effective methods to mitigate the molten salt corrosion of commercial Fe–Cr–Ni alloys. However, it is found in this work that both stainless steel 310 and Incoloy 800H samples were severely corroded after 500 h immersion test at 700 °C when the alloy samples directly contacted with the over-added Mg in the liquid form. The corrosion attack is different from the classical impurity-driven corrosion in molten chloride salts found in previous work. Microscopic analysis indicates that Ni preferentially leaches out of alloy matrix due to the tendency to form MgNi₂/Mg₂Ni compounds. The Ni-depletion leads to the formation of a porous corrosion layer on both alloys, with the thickness around 204 µm (stainless steel 310) and 1300 µm (Incoloy 800H), respectively. These results suggest that direct contact of liquid Mg with Ni-containing alloys should be avoided during using Mg as a corrosion inhibitor for MgCl₂–NaCl–KCl or other chlorides for high temperature heat storage and transfer.

关键词： concentrated solar power (CSP) Mg corrosion inhibitor Mg–Ni intermetallic salt purification thermal energy storage (TES)